Background and Aim: One of the most important pillars of the treatment process is the presence of a physician. Given this significant position, the subject has been addressed in religious teachings. The aim of this study is to examine the role of the physician in the healthcare system based on Islamic narrations (Hadiths).

Methodology: This research was conducted using a library-based approach and employed descriptive-analytical, conceptual, and documentary analysis methods. Utilizing these methods, the narrations of the Infallibles (peace be upon them) that indicate the physician’s role in the treatment system were collected from the Encyclopedia of Medical Hadiths. These narrations were then categorized and analyzed according to the research objectives.

Findings: The findings of the study indicate that the physician’s ethical and legal responsibilities and frameworks fall into at least three main categories: 1- Duties of the physician in dealing with the patient, 2- Duties of the physician during the treatment process, 3- Jurisprudential rulings related to medical practice.

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, in a monotheistic worldview, the physician is considered a means through which God heals human beings. Within this worldview, the physician has specific responsibilities when dealing with patients, including: a sense of responsibility, piety and chastity, maintaining the confidentiality of the patient, and instilling hope. In the treatment process, the physician is also responsible for: careful diagnosis of the illness, striving to identify natural remedies, and prescribing medication only when necessary. Regarding medical jurisprudence, the physician must observe duties such as: preventi