Islamic lifestyle with a focus on health

Islamic lifestyle with a focus on health

Investigating the Relationship between Reality Testing and Thematic Relationships with the Mediation of Defense Mechanisms in Bereavement Disorder

Authors
1 PhD student, Department of Psychology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Roudhan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Imam Hossein University (AS), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim 
of investigating the relationship between reality testing 
and thematic relationships with the mediation of defense 
mechanisms in bereavement disorder.
Materials and methods: The descriptive research 
method was correlation type. The statistical population 
includes all the people who referred to the psychological 
clinics of the 1st district of Tehran with the diagnostic 
criteria of grief disorder in 1401. The sample size 
according to the number of observed variables and 
assigning a coefficient of 15 for each observed variable, 
240 people were selected using the available method. The 
data collection tool was Bell's (1988) Thematic Relations 
and Reality Test Questionnaire and Anders' (1993) 
Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire. In this research, 
Pearson's correlation test and SPSS22 and Amose 23 
software were used to analyze the data obtained.
Findings: The results of the research showed that the 
indirect relationship between thematic relationships and 
reality testing through defense mechanisms (β=0.28) is 
significant (p≥0.01).
Conclusion: People with grief disorder, their anxiety 
level is lower and the level of irritability and impulsivity 
of these people is higher. Due to their mental conditions, 
these people create an image of reality instead of reality 
in order to achieve a relative level of health and mastery 
over the surrounding world. In addition, they have less 
ownership over their intrapsychic experiences. 
Keywords

1. Rostami, M.; Younesi, J.; Movallali, 
G.; Farhood, D.; Biglarian, A. (2014). The 
2
acting out
 [ Downloaded from islamiclifej.com on 2023-12-16 ] 
 7 / 9
132 پشتاره و همکاران 
فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی سبک زندگی اسالمی با محوریت سالمت دوره ،6 زمستان 1401
effectiveness of mental rehabilitation based 
on positive thinking skills training on 
increasing happiness in hearing impaired 
adolescents. Bimonthly Audiology. 23(3): 
39-45.
2. Van damme-ostapowicz, K; 
Krajewska-kulak, E; Wronska, I; 
Szczepanski, M; Kutak, W; Lukaszuk, C; 
Jankowiak, B; Rolka, H & Baranowska, A 
(2007). Quality of life self-assessment of 
children living in a children's home, based 
on own research conducted in the Podlaskie 
province. Advances in medical sciences, 
52(1), 44-50.
3. Arslan, C. (2010). Anger, self-esteem 
and perceived social support in 
adolescence. Social behavior and 
personality, 37(4), 555-564.
4. Mackenzie, M. J.; Gearing, R. E.; 
Schwalbe, C. S.; Ibrahim, R. W.; Brewer, 
K. B. & Aisharaihah, R. (2015). Child 
mental health in Jordanian orphanages: 
Effect of placement change on behavior and 
caregiving. BMC pediatrics, 14(316): 1-8.
5. Fisher, L; Ames, E; Chisholm, K & 
Savdie, L. (1997). International Journal of 
Behavioral Development. Vol 20, 63-82.
6. Agha Yousofi, Alireza; Shaghaghi, 
Farhad; Dehestani, Mehdi, and Barghi 
Irani, Ziba. (1391). Relationship between 
quality of life and psychological capital 
with disease perception among MS 
patients. Health psychology. Sh1.
7. Kerami, Zahra; and Karmi, Jalal. 
(2016). Comparative study of mental 
health, life expectancy in fertile and 
infertile women of Ahvaz city, the third 
national conference of knowledge and 
technology of educational sciences of 
social studies and psychology of Iran, 
Tehran, Sam Iranian Institute for the 
Development of Science and Technology 
Conferences.
8. Smith, E. E.; Fredrickson, B.; Loftus, 
G.; Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Atkinson 
and Hilgard's introduction to psychology. 
14th. New York: Wadsworth; 2010.
9. Ahdian Fard, Panthea; Asghar Nejad, 
Farid Ali Asghar; Lavasani, Fahima; 
Ashuri, Ahmed. (2016). The role of 
cognitive, meta-cognitive and metaemotional components in predicting 
emotional distress in students. Iranian 
Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical 
Psychology. 23 (2): 191-178.
10. Ghanbari, H. A. B. (2011). Comparing 
the emotional intelligence of orphanage 
children with ordinary children. Quartile 
educational psychology. 7(21): 73-89.
11. Kadivar, Parvin. (1387). Educational 
psychology (twelfth edition). Tehran: Side
12. Aslipour, A.; Kafi, M.; Javid, M.; & 
Fakhri, M. K. (2012). Applying 
apperception test to compare psychological 
characteristics of foster students and 
normal in families. 1(2): 6-22.
13. Behari, Farshad. (1389). The effect of 
marital counseling based on hope, 
forgiveness and a combination of these two 
on the amount of interpersonal cognitive 
distortions of couples applying for divorce. 
Journal of Behavioral Science Research, 
1(8), 25-33.
14. Bakhshipour, Farhad. (2011). 
Examining the relationship between marital 
satisfaction and social support. Zanjan 
Journal of Medical Sciences, 16 (1), 82-98
15. Diener, E. (2005). Frequently asked 
questions about subjective well-being 
(happiness and life satisfaction). A primer 
for reporters and newcomers.
16. Gursoy, F; Yildiz bicokci, M; Orphan, 
E; Bakirci, S; Catak, S & Yerebakan, O 
(2012). Study on self-concept levels of 
adolescents in the age group of 13-18 who 
live in orphanage and those who do not live 
in orphanage. International journal of social 
sciences and education, 2(1), 56-66.
17. Khanbani, Mehdi. (2011). 
Investigating social development and 
mental health in students with and without 
fathers in Isfahan city, collection of papers 
of the first regional conference on father's 
role in the family. Islamic Azad University, 
 [ Downloaded from islamiclifej.com on 2023-12-16 ] 
 8 / 9
بررسی ارتباط بین واقعیت آزمایی وروابط موضوعی با... 133
Journal of Islamic Life Style Volume 6, Winter 2022
Mime Branch, Azad University 
Publications.
18. General. Urmia Nursing and 
Midwifery Bimonthly, 9 (5), 393-384.
19. Seligman, Martin. (1388). Learned 
optimism (translated by Gurban Ali 
Khodayi). Hamadan: Nazli Publishing.
20. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society & the 
adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: 
Princeton University.
21. Hajlo, Nader; and Jafari, Isa. (2012). 
The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and life expectancy with mental 
health in the elderly. Master's thesis of 
Mohaghegh Ardabili University.
22. Bakhshi Sureshjani, Leila. (1390). The 
relationship of transemotional skills with 
mental health and academic performance of 
male and female students of Behbahan 
Islamic Azad University. Knowledge and 
research in educational sciences and 
curriculum planning, Islamic Azad 
University, Khorasgan branch, 19, 97-116.
23. Powell, T. J. (2018). Anxiety and stress 
management. New York: Rutledge Falmer.
24. K. & Kitara, D. L. (2012). Self-esteem 
and attitudes of girls orphaned to 
HIV/AIDS towards education in Kampala, 
Uganda. International journal of tropical 
diseases & health, 2(2): 87-99.
25. London: The Hogarth Press and the 
Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
26. Freedom, Sarah. (2013). Investigating 
the relationship between social support, 
resilience and mental health of Shahid and 
self-sacrificing students of Ilam 
universities. Veteran Medicine, 13(12), 48-
58.
27. Walter, Thomas J. & Hayes, Steven C. 
(2010). Acceptance and Commitment 
Therapy. Translated by Ali Akbar Saif 
(2014). Tehran: Didar.