Purpose: social education according to the characteristics of students can play an effective role in improving social education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the underlying and effective factors in the model of social education according to the characteristics of elementary school students with emphasis on upstream documents.
Materials and Methods: This study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The research community consisted of upstream documents and social education experts, among them three documents of the fundamental transformation of education, the national curriculum document and the twenty-year vision document, and 16 experts who were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation with the purposeful sampling method. The research tools were taking notes from upstream documents and semi-structured and in-depth interviews with experts, whose face validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts who were not part of the research, and their reliability was obtained by the method of agreement coefficient between two coders of 0.83. Finally, the data of the present study were analyzed by content analysis.
Findings: The findings showed that there are 8 components for the foundational factors in social education according to the characteristics of primary school students, including emotional relationship and love, self-knowledge, spiritual intelligence, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-control, motivation for progress and geographical location, and for the effective factors in social education. According to the characteristics of elementary school students, 8 components were identified, including heredity, characteristics and educational styles of the family, individual factors, school, media and virtual space, socializing with peers, patterns and incentives and inhibitors. Finally, the underlying and effective factors in the model of social education according to the characteristics of elementary school students were drawn with emphasis on upstream documents.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and by knowing the basic and effective factors in the model of social education according to the characteristics of primary school students, with emphasis on upstream documents, the context can be designed to improve the social education of students more optimally.