Given the growth of the Islamic clothing market and the importance of hijab in Iranian society, identifying the factors influencing hijab purchase decisions is of great significance. This study aims to comprehensively identify and evaluate these factors using a systematic literature review and the Fuzzy Delphi method. Initially, 25 influential factors were identified through the review of 26 relevant sources and articles. Subsequently, the validity and importance of these factors were confirmed through a two-stage Fuzzy Delphi process involving a group of experts. The results indicated that psychological, religious–identity, socio–cultural, and marketing–product factors significantly influence hijab purchase decisions, with factors such as consumer attitude, cultural and ethnic identity, reference group, and brand experience/loyalty achieving the highest consensus. Other factors, including store trust, product quality, and functional attributes, showed relatively minor discrepancies but remained within the acceptable consensus range. These findings can assist Islamic clothing producers and marketers in Iran to design marketing strategies and product offerings aligned with the cultural, religious, and social values of their target consumers, thereby developing the hijab market more effectively.