Spiritual health, as an important aspect of human well-being, has gradually become a central topic in scientific and clinical research in recent decades. This concept refers to the deep connection of individuals with themselves, others, and the surrounding world, encompassing various dimensions such as meaning, purpose, and values of life. According to recent theories, spiritual health not only acts as a protective factor against psychological disorders but is also recognized as a prerequisite for improving the quality of life and physical health. Theological foundations, particularly in religious texts, can serve as rich resources for enhancing spiritual health. Given the increasing importance of spiritual health in modern life and its positive impacts on mental and physical well-being, research in this area, especially in relation to theological and religious foundations, emerges as a scientific and social necessity. In light of this importance, this study employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the nature of spiritual health and its theological foundations through the lens of Allameh Jafari’s thought, a commentator of Nahj al-Balagha. One of the key findings of this research is that the essence of spiritual health in Allameh Jafari’s thought is derived from purification, piety, and a virtuous life. Additionally, it was found that the existence of the Divine, the validity of religious propositions, the placement of spiritual health within the domain of religion, and the purposefulness of a virtuous life in religiosity, as well as the significance of leadership and authority, are the most important theological foundations that play a crucial role in human spiritual health.